1. Cardiac Embolism

Most common cause of CLI

• !AFib - Atrial Fibrillation → Left Atrium
• CAD MI (mural emboli)
• Mechanical Valve
• !IE - Infectious Endocarditis
• Myxoma → Left Atrium

2. Atheroembolism

• CVD - Atherosclerosis → disloged

3. Aortic Mural Thrombi

• Could develop w/ or w/t aortic pathology
• AAA - Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
  • turbulent flow → clotting
• Anti-Platelet effective

4. Paradoxical embolism

• DVT + ASD or PFO - Patent Foramen Ovalue

Pathogenesis

• Arterial embolism → thrombus dislodged and occlude vessels else where (arterial bifurcation)
  • Most common occlusion sites:
    • Common iliac bifurcation (internal vs external)
    • Femoral bifurcation (SFA vs DFA)
  • No time for collateral, more acute presentation