Fixed, persistent airflow limitation.

Bronchospasm

Relevant Physiology

Etiology/Risk Factors

• Older Adult > 65 (RF)
• Smoking (RF)
  • Min. 10-15 pack years, usually 40 + → older patients (50-60)
• Other Smokes/biomass fuels (more likely in developing country)
  • Biomass fuel (bad ventilation during cooking) →**Female** (unfortunately)
  • coal, crops burning
• Occupational (dust exposure)
  • Miners
  • Firefighters

Classifications (Severity, Presentation)

GOLD Classification

• Most patients can have both

Common Presentation

• !SOB (Dyspnea) , insidious onset (gradual)
• Chronic Cough → DDx TB
• Sputum (productive cough)
• Wheezing
• Smoking Hx of 40+ pk yr

DDx

• Asthma
  • Younger onset
  • Atopy Triad, FHx