Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

Normal: approx. ≤ 40 mm/Hr

Man: Age/2

Woman: (Age + 10)/2

Increased by

• Acute phase reactants
• Paraproteins (immunoglobulins)
• Anemia (fewer cells, less repellent forces)
• Age, gender, pregnancy, diabetes, renal failure, malignancy, tissue damage (MI, CV)