volume and colour

Expectoration of blood originating from lower respiratory tract

• Major hemoptysis: Emergency, life-threatening
  • 100-600 ml of blood
  • Low O2 sat
  • Airway unprotected
• Minor hemoptysis

HIP

• Onset and time?
• Volume of blood (in cups)

Complication/Consequence

• Major hemoptysis → Asphyxiation (inability of gas exchange)

DDx/Etiology + AA (PP, PN)

• Mimickers

  Hematemesis - GI

• Airways

• Parenchymal

• Vascular

• Others

Investigation

1. ID Source of bleeding and control it

   • CXR - Chest X ray
   • Consult Respirology → Bronchoscopy (confirm, assess airway)

2. Find out the etiology and treating it

   • Thorough history
     • upper airway symptoms → Epistaxis
     • GI symptoms → Hematemesis
     • Constitutional symptoms → Neoplasm, infection
     • Other infectious symptoms → infection
     • Drug use → Anti-Coagulant, Cocaine
     • Autoimmune symptoms → Autoimmune causes, SARD , e.g.SLE - Lupus
   • HRCT - High Resolution Thoracic CT → parenchymal conditions
   • CBC, Blood work → autoimmune, coagulopathy