Placenta insufficiency (also known as placental dysfunction) refers to a condition where the placenta fails to deliver an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. This insufficiency can lead to impaired fetal growth, as well as complications such as preterm birth, stillbirth, or other adverse perinatal outcomes.

1. Pathophysiology: It involves reduced placental perfusion and/or suboptimal exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste between mother and fetus.
2. Clinical Signs: Fetal growth restriction, abnormal umbilical artery Doppler studies, oligohydramnios, or non-reassuring fetal status.

Work-up

• Fetal Health Assessments
• PLGF
• Fetal Scalp pH (>7.25)
• Placental Pathology