Incomplete emptying

Measured by PVR - Post-void residual (<100cc)

• <50 mL: normal/adequate bladder emptying
• 50-100 mL: may be considered normal (especially in older adults)
  • usually does not require intervention unless the patient is symptomatic
• 100-200 mL: borderline
  • may warrant further investigation if there are symptoms of urinary retention/other urological issues.

• 200 mL: abnormal suggesting significant urinary retention

  • warrants further diagnostic evaluation and treatment to address underlying causes.