• Inflammation and necrosis of a blood vessel with subsequent impairment of blood flow

  • Vessel wall destruction leads to

    • Perforation and hemorrhage into adjacent tissues
    • thrombosis→ impairment of blood flow → ischemia and infarction of tissues

    

VS Obliterative Vasculopathy (Scleroderma)

• Vasculitis inv. Inflammation and necrosis (destruction) of blood vessels

  

• Immune mechanism depends on the type of vasculitis:

  • cell-mediated,
  • immune-complex mediated
  • antineutrophil cytoplasmic (ANCA)-associated mechanisms

Subtypes

• Kidney, lung, nerve, skin involvement

Small Vessel Vasculitis

Medium Vessel Vasculitis

Large Vessel Vasculitis

ANCA-Associated Vasculitis

Investigation

• Do not usually have ANA, except:
  • Anti-ANCA → ANCA-Associated Vasculitis

Management

• Oral Corticosteroid (OCS)
• Steroid-Sparing Agents
  • Mycofenolate Mofetil
  • Calcineurin inhibitors (CNHIs)
  • Anti-CD20 (B Cell) → B Cell
  • Complement inhibitor → Complements