Hypocalcemia ↓ Ca (< 2.2) → Increased PTH Serum

Common causes:

• Malabsorption
• CKD
  • No active Vitamin D
  • Hyper-phosphatemia ↑PO4
• Vitamin D Deficiency
• PTH Resistance

Consequences:

• Skeletal
  • CKD-MBD
• Non-skeletal
  • Artery calcification (esp. coronary artery)
  • Skin ulcers
  • Soft tissue necrosis
  • Pruritus