Chronic Kidney Disease (Renal Dysfunction)

• Damage often irreversible
• End stage: ESRF (< 15) → need of Dialysis

Pathophysiology

Glomerulo-sclerosis

Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis

Criteria:

<aside>

Any of

• The presence of one of the following for longer than 3 months
  • eGFR (≥ 60mL/min) < 60
  • ACR (<3) > 3 mg/mmol (or 30 mg/g)
  • Kidney damage: Hematuria, Proteinuria, other abnormal findings
• Not treated with Renal Replacement Therapy </aside>

Complications

• Manifestation and Management

Classifications

• Diabetic: Diabetic Nephropathy
• Non-Diabetic
  • Hypertensive nephropathy (vascular)
  • Same things that causes AKI Summary
    • e.g. SLE, RA, Autoimmune Kidney Diseases
  • Cystic Kidney Diseases
  • Reflux nephropathy

Prognosis

Severity based on EGFR level

Investigation

• Baseline sCr (60-100 umol/L) → eGFR (≥ 60mL/min)