Etiology: [Na] increase

• Hypernatremia ↑ Na (> 145))
• Loss of intracellular water, not from circulation
• Less at risk of !Hypovolemia ↓
  • But watch out for SIGNS of hypovolemia

Presentation

• Serum Osmolality (275-295) increased
• Normal BUN - Blood Urea Nitrogen

RF

• Athlete: sweating (isotonic) and drinking only water (hypotonic)
• Elderly: Nursing home (institutionalized, no access to fluid)
• Paralytic ileus

Treatment:

• IV hypotonic (Dextrose/D5W)