| ‣ |
Actual blood components |
massive hemorrhage, anemia Hb < 80 |
Intravascular space (100%) |
• PRBCs – Hb, RBCs for O₂ delivery |
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| • FFP – clotting factors |
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| • Platelets – thrombocytopenia/bleeding |
‣ |
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| ‣ |
Glucose-containing solutions; NOT volume expanders, decrease blood osmolarity |
‣ , ‣ (with IV insulin) |
Distributes like free water → mostly intracellular; only small % intravascular. |
• D5W (5% dextrose in water) – becomes free water |
|
| • D10W, D5½NS, D5NS |
‣ (decrease osmo of blood, H2O then enters the brain) |
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| ‣ |
Small electrolytes; move freely across capillary membranes. |
‣ (dehydration or ECFVD) |
Extracellular fluid (⅓ intravascular, ⅔ interstitial). |
NS (0.9% NaCl) – Na⁺, Cl⁻ |
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| LR – Na⁺, Cl⁻, K⁺, Ca²⁺, lactate (buffer) → 130:109:4:3 |
• ‣ (interstitial accumulation) |
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| • NS: hyperchloremic ‣ |
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| • LR: avoid with severe ‣ |
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Large molecules (proteins) stay intravascular, pull water via oncotic pressure. |
‣, ‣ > 4L, ‣ |
Intravascular space (volume expander). |
Albumin 5% / 25% – protein solution with strong oncotic pressure |
Only indicated in 3 cases (all in IM) |
