Relevant Physiology

Etiology

• Central: resp control system
• Obstructive (Peripheral): obstructions of upper airway
  • Acromegaly (↑GN)

Pathogenesis

• Reduced UAD (upper airway dilator) muscle activity → increased airway resistance

Classifications

Presentation

Signs and Symptoms

• Clinical presentation (HPI):

  • Symptoms: → don’t always correlate with AHI

    • Arousal from sleep: awakening, choking, gasping, unrefreshing sleep, daytime sleepiness

      

• Complications

  • Increased risk of CVD: → correlate with AHI
    • ↑High BP
    • HF - Heart Failure
    • CAD
    • !AFib - Atrial Fibrillation
    • Ventricular ecotype (!Arrhythmia)
    • Carotid Disease (cerebrovascular disease)

Risk factors

1. Excessive airway soft tissues, Obesity
2. Nasal obstruction
3. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy
4. Small mandible

DDX

Snoring