The heart is too dysfunctional (too weak or too stiff) to maintain circulation without the risk of congestion.

• Compensated: no S/S
• Decompensated: S/S onset

Classifications

!CHF (H+W)

!ADHF - Acute Decompensated HF

!Cardiogenic Shock (HF C+W)

• Based on Ejection Factor
• Based on Function (NYH)

Relevant Physiology

Etiology

Common causes for HFrEF (HF w/ reduced EF)

Common causes for HFpEF (HF w/ preserved EF):

• ↑High BP → *** Most common cause for HFpEF**
• CKD
• Chronic lung disease
• !AFib - Atrial Fibrillation
• Cardiomyopathy (restrictive, hypertrophic)
• Cardiomyopathies
• Severe Valvular stenosis

Pathogenesis

• LT neurohumoral response → LV remodelling
• SV vs EDV diagram
• Pressure volume diagram

Prognosis/Disease Course

• LVF → Pulmonary edema → RVF → Peripheral edema
• 6x mortality once entered decompensated stage