Volume Physiology

Def. Clinically detectable increase in ISF

• Accumulate in depedent regions
  • Legs, ankles
  • Sacral (bedbound)
  • Face, fingers (severe)

Pathogenesis

• Na excretion < H2O ingestion

Physical Exam

• Elevated JVP
• Pitting edema

Investigation

• Electrolyte → For ICFV
  • Hyponatremia ↓ [Na] (<135)
  • Hypernatremia ↑ Na (> 145)