Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

• Nephrotic syndrome (>3.5)
• Scarring of glomeruli, damage to renal podocytes
  • Protein “leaks out”
• Can be primary or secondary

  • Common secondary causes - HIV, obesity

  • Treatment → steroids (primary), treat cause (secondary)

    

Focal = < 50%

Segmental = only some

Etiology

Secondary = caused by something else

• Chronic insult to the kidney (CKD)

  • HIV

  

Primary = not caused by something else

• Autoimmune condition (Nephrotic syndrome (>3.5)), injury to podocyte

  

  • vs. MCD
    • Visible under microscope
    • Sclerorsis and fibrosis → don’t respond well to Prednisone