Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

!DKA - Diabetic KetoAcidosis !HONK/HHS
Cause Insulin Defeciency Insulin Resistence
Acid-base NA
↑↑↑ NA
Serum Osmolality (275-295) NA or ↑ ↑↑↑
↓↓↓
- [K] → H+ shift in and K+ shift out No H+, but K+ shift out due to low insulin
Total Body K ↓↓↓ (Osmotic diuresis) ↓↓↓ (Osmotic diuresis)
Mortality 0.65-3% 12-17%

Etiology

Conditions

Presentation

Investigations