Due to urinary tract obstruction

• *even mild dilation on radiography = problem (except after transplant)

Acute cases

• Urethra:
  • Kidney Stone (Urolithiasis)
  • Stricture
  • Posterior urethral valave
  • Man: Enlarged Prostate
  • Woman: Gynaecological Mass
  • GI: CRC - Colorectal cancer, severe Constipation
• Bladder →
  • Kidney Stone (Urolithiasis)
  • Malignancy
  • Neurogenic bladder
• Ureter (Bilateral):
  • Bilateral Kidney Stone (Urolithiasis)
  • Bilateral stricture
  • Bilateral infection
  • Bilateral malignancy
• Kidney
  • Single Kidney
• Retroperitoneal
  • Malignancy
  • Infection
  • Fibrosis

Chronic ( > 3 mon.)

• Same etiology
• Can lead to kidney damage

Investigation

• Attempt to insert Foley Catheter
  • can r/o bladder outlet obstruction
• Abdominal US (Kidney and Bladder)
  • In Post-renal diseases, expect to see:
    • Obstruction
    • Kidney Stone (Urolithiasis)
    • Hydronephrosis
• Abdominal CT can help to establish aetiology