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Clinical Definition:

MMSE (≥24/30) < 24 </aside>

Hx Approach

Cognitive Impairment Hx

DDx

Delirium → CAM - Confusion Assessment Tool
Depression Symptom → Depression Screening Question (PHQ-2)
Medical Causes of MCI or Dementia
- BW: TSH, B12, CBC, Glucose, Extended Lyte, CR, LFTs, LP
  - R/O other systemic causes
- Biomarker: Amyloid-PET (if FHx of AD)
- Genetic Test (if FHx of AD)
- Imagining → CR/MRI, PET/SPECT (perfusion)
  - !Stroke (CVA)? Brain Tumor ? Hydrocephalus?
- Medications (Cautious in older adult)
  - ABS: Ach, Benzo, Seizure
    - Antimuscarinics (e.g., Oxybutynin )
    - Anti-cholinergic
    - CNS sedatives (e.g., Benzodiazepine (’-azepam’) like Lorazepam)
    - Anti-Convulsant (e.g., Phenytoin)
- Substance use
  - Alcohol (RF) → Wernicke-korsakoff Syndrome

Pattern	Key Deficits	Common Conditions
Amnestic	Delayed recall, recognition	Alzheimer’s disease
Executive	Fluency, task-switching	Vascular dementia, Parkinson disease
Visuospatial	Drawing, figure copying	Posterior cortical atrophy, DLB
Language	Naming, repetition	Primary progressive aphasia
Mixed	Multiple domains affected	Late-stage dementia

Symptom Management

Consider: Compliance